木工操作规程

　　Woodworking Safety Operating Procedures

　　1、岗位职责1.1负责各种木工机械的日常例行保养，及对各种木工机械进行检查、维修、调整，并做好记录，使处于良好工作状态。1.2负责对日常作业中产生的各种废料、木屑及时清理，保持作业场地的整洁、条理。1.3负责作业场地的火灾预防工作。1.4严格按照施工技术交底及操作规程进行作业。

　　1. Job Safety Responsibilities 1.1 Responsible for the daily routine maintenance of various woodworking machinery, as well as inspecting, repairing, and adjusting various woodworking machinery, and keeping records to ensure they are in good working condition. 1.2 Responsible for timely cleaning of various waste materials and sawdust generated in daily operations, and maintaining the cleanliness and orderliness of the work site. 1.3 Responsible for fire prevention work at the work site. 1.4 Strictly follow the construction safety technical disclosure and safety operation procedures for the operation.

　　2、岗位任职条件2.1接受过良好的技术及技能培训。2.2持证上岗。

　　2. Job requirements 2.1: Have received good professional safety technology and skills training. 2.2 Work with certification.

　　3、上岗作业准备3.1接受技术交底，并熟悉其内容。3.2检查各木工机械性能是否良好，仔细检查刀轴是否固定，防护罩、制动装置等是否处于完好状态，锯条、锯片等有无损伤及裂口。3.3检查木料上有无铁钉、铅丝头或其他硬杂物，并检查木料是否腐朽、扭裂、劈裂。3.4检查电线线路绝缘情况及各开关触点是否良好。3.5穿好工作服、戴好护发帽，佩戴必要的劳动防护用品，如防尘口罩、护目镜、护耳器等。操作时不应戴手套，在有可能被木材伤脚的作业点，操作者应穿防扎工作鞋。

　　3. Job Preparation 3.1 Accept safety technical briefing and familiarize oneself with its content. 3.2 Check whether the performance of each woodworking machinery is good, carefully inspect whether the blade shaft is fixed, whether the protective cover, braking device, etc. are in good condition, and whether the saw blade, saw blade, etc. are damaged or cracked. 3.3 Check for iron nails, wire heads, or other hard debris on the wood, and inspect for decay, twisting, or splitting of the wood. 3.4 Check the insulation condition of the electrical wiring and whether the contacts of each switch are in good condition. 3.5 Wear work clothes, hair care hats, and necessary labor protection equipment such as dust masks, goggles, ear protectors, etc. Gloves should not be worn during operation, and in work sites where feet may be injured by wood, operators should wear anti puncture work shoes.

　　4、操作规程4.1带锯机操作要点4.1.1开机后，待锯条达到转速时，方可进料，进料速度应根据材质软硬及有无节子、裂纹和锯割材料厚度等进行控制；进料时要注意观察锯口，入锯时要做到稳和慢，不可用力过猛；以防锯条损坏伤人。4.1.2锯割中，要时刻观察运转中的锯条动向，如锯条发生前后窜动，发出破碎声及其他异常现象时，要立即停机，以防锯条折断伤人。4.1.3操作时，手和锯条应保持一定的距离，其距离不得小于50厘米，且不许将手伸过锯条，以防伤手。4.1.4进行锯割时，不允许边锯割边调整导轨；锯条运转中，也不允许调整锯卡，以防发生事故。4.1.5下手在往回送木料时，应注意木料与锯条的位置，以免木 料碰撞或顶脱锯条。锯割中若出现夹锯现象，应由下手将木料锯口分 开，切勿倒退，以防锯条脱落。当工作台面上锯条通路有碎木等阻塞时，应用木棍剥离，必要时停机排除，切不可用手，以防伤手。4.1.6卸锯条时，一定要切断电源，等锯条停稳后进行；换锯条时，手要拿稳，防止锯条弹跳伤人。

　　4. Safety Operation Regulations 4.1 Key Points for Safe Operation of Band Saw 4.1.1 After starting up, the feeding can only be carried out when the saw blade reaches the maximum speed. The feeding speed should be controlled according to the material hardness, whether there are knots, cracks, and the thickness of the sawing material; When feeding, pay attention to observing the saw edge. When feeding, be steady and slow, and do not apply too much force; To prevent injury caused by damage to the saw blade. 4.1.2 During sawing, it is necessary to constantly observe the movement of the saw blade during operation. If the saw blade moves back and forth, makes a sound of breakage or other abnormal phenomena, the machine should be stopped immediately to prevent the saw blade from breaking and injuring people. During operation, the hand and saw blade should maintain a certain distance, which should not be less than 50 centimeters, and the hand should not be extended over the saw blade to prevent injury. During sawing, it is not allowed to adjust the guide rail while sawing; During the operation of the saw blade, it is not allowed to adjust the saw card to prevent accidents. 4.1.5 When returning wood, pay attention to the position of the wood and saw blade to avoid collision or detachment of the saw blade. If there is a pinching phenomenon during sawing, the wooden saw should be separated by hand and not reversed to prevent the saw blade from falling off. When there are broken wood or other blockages in the saw blade path on the workbench, use a wooden stick to remove them. If necessary, stop the machine and remove them. Do not use your hands to remove them to prevent injury. 4.1.6 When disassembling the saw blade, be sure to cut off the power and wait for the blade to come to a complete stop before proceeding; When changing the saw blade, hold it firmly to prevent the blade from bouncing and injuring people.

　　4.2纵截圆锯机操作要点4.2.1圆锯机操作前，应检查锯片是否有断齿或裂口现象，然后安装锯片，锯片安装应牢固，锯片应与主轴同心，其内孔与轴的空隙 不应超过0.15～0.2毫米，否则会产生离心惯性力，造成锯片旋转时摆动。4.2.2操作时，要两人同时配合进行，上手推料入锯，下手接拉锯尽。上手推料，距锯片30厘米以外就要撒手，人站在锯片的侧面。下手回送木料时，要防止木料碰撞锯片，以免弹射伤人。4.2.3入锯要稳要慢，直线匀速推进。进料速度要根据木料软硬、尺寸厚薄、是否有节子等灵活掌握。锯割较硬或较厚的木材时要慢，遇节疤时要更慢，以防夹锯。木料夹锯时应立即关掉电机，在锯口处插入木楔扩大锯路后再锯。

　　4.2 Safety operation points for longitudinal circular saw machine 4.2.1 Before operating the circular saw machine, the saw blade should be checked for broken teeth or cracks, and then the saw blade should be installed firmly. The saw blade should be concentric with the main shaft, and the gap between its inner hole and the shaft should not exceed 0.15-0.2 millimeters, otherwise it will generate eccentric inertia force, causing the saw blade to swing when rotating. 4.2.2 When operating, two people should cooperate at the same time, pushing the material into the saw with one hand and pulling the saw with the other hand. Push the material with your hands, and you need to let go when you are 30 centimeters away from the saw blade. Stand on the side of the saw blade. When returning wood, it is important to prevent the wood from colliding with the saw blade to prevent injury from ejection. 4.2.3 The sawing process should be stable and slow, with a straight and uniform advance. The feeding speed should be flexibly controlled according to the softness, size, thickness, and presence of knots of the wood. Sawing harder or thicker wood should be done slowly, and even slower when encountering knots to prevent pinching. When sawing wood, the motor should be turned off immediately, and a wooden wedge should be inserted into the saw slot to expand the saw path before sawing.

　　4.3横截圆锯机操作要点4.3.1开机前做好检查。检查锯片是否上牢，锯片由锯轴上的法兰、螺母紧固，螺纹的旋转方向应与锯片的旋转方向相反。上锯片时应使用扳手，不可用锤击。然后检查机械各部件及电器设备是否良好。4.3.2使用带推车的横截圆锯机时，操作人员应一手按木料， 一手推车匀速进料，身体站住且不要正对锯口。当截长料时，上料与接料人员应配合好，并使长料与工作台或推车保持正确的相对位置。4.3.3当锯完一个锯程时，应使剩余木料离开锯口，防止倒车时木料碰撞锯片。

　　4.3 Safety operation points for transverse circular saw machine 4.3.1 Conduct a comprehensive inspection before starting up. Firstly, check if the saw blade is securely fastened. The saw blade is fastened by the flange and nut on the saw shaft, and the rotation direction of the thread should be opposite to that of the saw blade. When using the saw blade, a wrench should be used instead of hammering. Then check whether the mechanical components and electrical equipment are in good condition. 4.3.2 When using a transverse circular saw machine with a trolley, the operator should press the wood with one hand and feed the trolley at a constant speed, while standing still and not facing the saw edge. When cutting long materials, the feeding and receiving personnel should cooperate well and keep the long materials in the correct relative position with the workbench or cart. 4.3.3 After completing one sawing stroke, the remaining wood should be moved away from the saw edge to prevent the wood from colliding with the saw blade when reversing.

　　4.4吊截锯操作要点4.4.1操作前，要先校正锯片，保持垂直，拧紧螺母，固定好防护罩。然后，锯台及锯片前方的碎木、杂物等，以免操作时杂物撞击锯片或伤人。4.4.2操作时，将木料放在锯台上，紧靠靠板，对好长度，一手按料，一手拉机架手把，待锯片运转正常时，即可开始送入木料。拉手把要稳，用力要均匀，截完后慢慢放手。切勿猛拉猛放，否则会出现机械或伤人事故。4.4.3操作时，人要站在锯片侧面，以防锯片破碎飞出伤人。4.4.4按料时，手需离锯片30cm以上，短于25cm的料不得使用吊截锯锯断。4.4.5进料速度要慢要稳，遇到卡锯时，应立即停锯，退出锯片，然后再缓慢进行锯截。

　　4.4 Safety operation points for hanging and cutting saws 4.4.1 Before operation, the saw blade should be calibrated, kept vertical, the nut tightened, and the protective cover fixed. Then, remove the broken wood, debris, etc. in front of the saw table and saw blade to prevent them from hitting the saw blade or injuring people during operation. 4.4.2 During operation, place the wood on the saw table, close to the support plate, align the length, press the material with one hand, and pull the frame handle with the other hand. When the saw blade is running normally, the wood can be fed in. Hold the handle steadily, apply even force, and slowly release it after cutting. Do not pull or release forcefully, otherwise mechanical or injury accidents may occur. During operation, people should stand on the side of the saw blade to prevent the blade from breaking and flying out, causing injury. 4.4.4 When feeding, the hand should be at least 30cm away from the saw blade, and materials shorter than 25cm should not be cut by a hanging saw. 4.4.5 The feeding speed should be slow and stable. When encountering a stuck saw, the saw should be stopped immediately, the saw blade should be removed, and then the cutting should be carried out slowly.

　　4.5平刨操作要点4.5.1操作时，根据工件刨削面的要求，调整好工作台，前台面比后台面略低，高度之差即刨削厚度，一般控制在1～2.5mm之间。4.5.2开动机器，待刀轴运转正常后方可对工件进行刨削。刨削的吃刀量不宜太大，刨削速度也应适当控制，使刀轴保持正常运转。4.5.3刨削时，应根据工件材质的软硬、加工面的木材纤维纹理方向和宽度等因素来调整刨削量。一般在不影响刀轴正常运转和进料速度的情况下，如工件质软、宽度较窄的纵向刨削时吃刀量可大一些；反之吃刀量应小一些。4.5.4在刨削装合工件(例如木板胶接或钉接的工件)时，应检查是否会刨着圆钉或螺钉等金属件；若有则应用钉铳将圆钉铳下或用旋凿旋人再进行刨削。同时还要边刨边检查，以免损坏刀具。4.5.5当刨削长400mm、厚30mm以下的短件时要用推辊送料，刨削长400mm、厚30mm以下的薄板要用推板送料，以免伤手。长300mm、厚20mm以下的木料，不应在平刨机上刨削，而应将短工件、小工件配制成倍数的长料、大料，待刨光后再截取，以确保。4.5.6操作时，人要站在工作台的左侧中间；两手一前一后。左手按压木料，右手均匀推送木料。当右手离刨口15cm 时要立即脱离料面，靠左手推送。若两人操作时；应互相密切：配合，上手台前送料要稳准，下手台后接料要慢拉，待木料过刨口30cm后方可去拉接。4.5.7刨削过程中遇有节疤、纹理不顺或材质较硬时；应放慢进料速度。在一般情况下，进料速度应控制在4～15m/min。4.5.8刨刀磨损变钝应及时更换，因为钝的刨刀不但刨削效率不高，而且刨到节子或呛槎处，木料常被拨退跳动，易刨伤手指。

　　4.5 Safety operation points for flat planing 4.5.1 During operation, adjust the workbench according to the requirements of the workpiece planing surface. The front surface is slightly lower than the back surface, and the height difference is the planing thickness, which is generally controlled between 1-2.5mm. 4.5.2 Start the machine and wait for the tool shaft to operate normally before planing the workpiece. The cutting amount for planing should not be too large, and the planing speed should also be appropriately controlled to maintain the normal operation of the cutter shaft. 4.5.3 When planing, the amount of planing should be adjusted based on factors such as the softness and hardness of the workpiece material, the direction and width of the wood fiber texture on the machined surface. Generally, when the workpiece is soft and narrow in width, the cutting amount can be increased without affecting the normal operation of the tool shaft and the feeding speed; On the contrary, the amount of knife should be smaller. When planing and assembling workpieces (such as wooden glued or nailed workpieces), the first thing to check is whether they will be planing metal parts such as round nails or screws; If there is, use a nail gun to lower the round nail gun or use a rotary chisel to rotate the person before planing. At the same time, it is necessary to inspect while planing to avoid damaging the cutting tools. When planing short pieces with a length of 400mm and a thickness of less than 30mm, a push roller should be used for feeding. When planing thin plates with a length of 400mm and a thickness of less than 30mm, a push plate should be used for feeding to avoid injuring hands. Wood with a length of 300mm and a thickness of 20mm or less should not be planed on a planer. Instead, short and small workpieces should be prepared into multiples of long and large materials, and cut after planing to ensure safety. During operation, the person should stand in the middle of the left side of the workbench; Two hands, one in front and one behind. Press the wood with your left hand and push it evenly with your right hand. When the right hand is 15cm away from the cutting edge, immediately detach from the material surface and push with the left hand. If two people are operating; Close coordination should be maintained: the feeding in front of the workbench should be stable and accurate, and the material should be slowly pulled after the workbench is lowered. Only after the wood passes 30cm through the planing hole can it be pulled and connected. When encountering knots, uneven textures, or hard materials during the planing process; The feeding speed should be slowed down. In general, the feeding speed should be controlled between 4-15m/min. 4.5.8 If the planer becomes dull due to wear and tear, it should be replaced in a timely manner, because dull planers not only have low efficiency in planing, but also often cause the wood to bounce back and hurt the fingers when planing at joints or chokes.

　　4.6压刨床操作要点4.6.1操作前，应认真检查机械各部分及防护装置是否良好，然后按木料要求的尺寸及机床标尺刻度仔细调整机床。调整合适后，试运转1～3分钟，待转速正常后，方可进料，每次吃刀深度不超过2mm。4.6.2操作时；两人要配合好，一人进料，一人接料。要站在刨床左右侧或稍后，以防工件飞出伤人。进料时手指不要放在工件下面，接料工人应等工件离开出料辊筒后接料，不得硬拉；上手送料时，手须远离滚筒。4.6.3在刨削时，遇有木料不动；可用棒推进；如无效，应先停进料滚筒，再停刀轴，待停稳后放低台面，取出工件，排除故障。4.6.4厚度差距大于2mm以上的几个工件不许同时刨削，以防较薄的工件因压不紧而弹回伤人。4.6.5操作过程中，应经常塞在下滚筒与台面之间缝隙内的木渣、木屑与粘在台面与滚筒上的树脂。肘应停车或降落台面，用木棒拨出。4.6.6更换刨刀时，应在关机并等刀轴自然停稳后进行。不可人为强制使刀轴停止旋转。

　　4.6 Key points for safe operation of planer 4.6.1 Before operation, carefully check whether all parts of the machinery and safety protection devices are in good condition, and then adjust the machine tool carefully according to the required dimensions of the wood and the scale of the machine tool ruler. After adjusting appropriately, test run for 1-3 minutes until the speed is normal before feeding. The cutting depth should not exceed 2mm each time. 4.6.2 During operation; Two people need to cooperate well, one feeding and the other receiving. Stand on the left and right sides of the planer or later to prevent the workpiece from flying out and injuring people. When feeding, do not place your fingers under the workpiece. The material receiving worker should wait for the workpiece to leave the discharge roller before receiving the material, and should not forcefully pull it; When manually feeding, keep your hands away from the drum. 4.6.3 Do not move when encountering wood during planing; Can be propelled with a safety rod; If it is ineffective, the feeding drum should be stopped first, then the knife shaft should be stopped. After it stops steadily, the table should be lowered, the workpiece should be removed, and the fault should be eliminated. Several workpieces with a thickness difference greater than 2mm are not allowed to be simultaneously machined to prevent thinner workpieces from bouncing back and injuring people due to insufficient pressure. During the operation process, it is necessary to regularly remove wood debris, sawdust, and resin stuck to the gap between the lower drum and the table surface. Remove the elbow and park or land on the platform, then use a wooden stick to pull it out. 4.6.6 When replacing the planer blade, it should be done after turning off the machine and waiting for the blade shaft to come to a natural stop. Do not artificially force the blade shaft to stop rotating.

　　4.7木工铣床安伞操作要点4.7.1使用铣床时应思想集中，特别是当两人同机工作时，更要配合默契，上手送料，按料不应将手伸过刀口，而应在离刀口20cm声右时放手；下手接料不要过猛，应缓慢拉接。4.7.2推料速度不宜过快，工与铣刀回转速度、加工量的大小及材质的软硬相适应。铣削过程中，遇到工件局部看逆纹或节疤时，应将木料压住，减慢送料速度，以防工件弹回伤人。4.7.3铣刀在加工中损坏，从刀轴上抛出是很危险的，因此必须选用刚性好、刃口锋利且平衡对称的铣刀；铣刀应由有经验的工人家装，安装间隙要适当，与刀轴配合应牢固，装配式铣刀的月片与方刀轴的槽要配合精确；在铣削过程中；要随时注意铣刀的平衡状态，以防发生意外。4.7.4铣削过程中，工件不可随意退回，否则容易发生事故；如遇特殊情况，非退回不可，应做好准备再退。4.7.5当使用样模铣削曲线形工件时；若工件较大；为确保，挡环安装在刀头的上方。4.7.6铣削时，用长柄刷子从工作台上及时木屑和碎片。

　　4.7 Key Points for Installing Umbrellas on Woodworking Milling Machines 4.7.1 When using a milling machine, one should concentrate their thoughts, especially when two people are working on the same machine. They should work together in a coordinated manner, feed and press the material with their hands, and should not extend their hands beyond the cutting edge. Instead, they should release their hands when they are 20cm away from the cutting edge; Do not use too much force when picking up the material, pull it slowly. 4.7.2 The pushing speed should not be too fast, and the rotation speed of the tool and milling cutter, the size of the machining amount, and the softness and hardness of the material should be suitable. During the milling process, when encountering local reverse lines or knots on the workpiece, the wood should be pressed down and the feeding speed should be slowed down to prevent the workpiece from bouncing back and injuring people. 4.7.3 It is very dangerous for milling cutters to be damaged during machining and thrown out of the cutter shaft, so it is necessary to choose milling cutters with good rigidity, sharp cutting edges, and balanced symmetry; The milling cutter should be installed by experienced workers, with appropriate installation clearance and a firm fit with the cutter shaft. The monthly blade of the assembled milling cutter should match the groove of the square cutter shaft accurately; During the milling process; Always pay attention to the balance of the milling cutter to prevent accidents. During the milling process, the workpiece cannot be returned at will, otherwise accidents may occur; In case of special circumstances, it is necessary to return the item and be prepared before returning. 4.7.5 When using a sample mold to mill curved workpieces; If the workpiece is large; To ensure safety, it is best to install the retaining ring above the blade. During milling, use a long handled brush to promptly remove sawdust and debris from the worktable.

　　5、其他注意事项5.1工作完毕或临时停止工作进行维护检修时，都应切断电源，以免机床意外转动。5.2机械周围要经常清理，防止工人被碎木绊倒或被木屑、刨花滑倒。5.3在木材有回弹危险的地方，应设防弹装置并要经常检查它的可靠性。5.4新工人上机前，必须行培训，操作上要达到一定的熟练程度，同时要了解各种伤害的可能性和防护方法。5.5工作场所及周围严禁烟火。

　　5. Other precautions 5.1 When the work is completed or temporarily stopped for maintenance and repair, the power should be cut off to avoid accidental rotation of the machine tool. 5.2 The area around the machinery should be cleaned regularly to prevent workers from tripping over broken wood or slipping on sawdust or shavings. 5.3 In areas where there is a risk of rebound in wood, bulletproof devices should be installed and their reliability should be regularly checked. Before new workers enter the machine, they must receive training to achieve a certain level of proficiency in operation, while also understanding the possibility of various injuries and protective methods. Smoking and open flames are strictly prohibited in and around the workplace.

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